The Law of Nature Must Carry its Punitive Consequences...

â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark† (1.4.98) but there are a variety of different infections that all contribute to one main conflict. Each character within the play has not only his or her own inner trials to fight against but also each of these issues form together to create the corruption in Denmark. Throughout the course of the play each character learns to deal with his or her internal battles and each conflict combines with others to create one singular, complex problem. It seems as though every issue ties together to form a tangled web leading ultimately to the demise of seven key characters. There isn’t a single character within the play that understands the big picture or the consequences of their actions. Because†¦show more content†¦Though Ophelia does love Hamlet she chooses her father’s advice, Polonius, instead. Polonius is much like Gertrude because he is trying to help Hamlet, but also fell into Claudius’ schemin g. Like any father figure he is concerned about the interactions between Hamlet and Ophelia which draws his attention away from the king and focuses only on Hamlet’s faults. It seems as though Polonius is a race horse with blinders on; only seeing one point ahead and not the danger beside him. His simplistic thoughts allow him to be an easily persuaded character and throughout the play we see him trying to impress whoever is with him at the time; proving the point that he is also a great contender in the decay of Denmark. Polonius is killed by Hamlet which leads to a new factor in the already messy equation called Elsinore; this factor being Laertes. Laertes is driven by revenge of his father’s death; a mighty cause with no understanding of the effects of his actions. During the rising action he is an insignificant character due to the fact that for a majority of the play he is at school in France; although, when news of his father’s murder reaches him he ch arges forth with sword held high and no knowledge of the events leading up to the crime. â€Å"While Hamlet lollygags and broods over the murder for much of the play, Laertes takes immediate action† (Schmoop.com). The main difference between Hamlet and Laertes is that HamletShow MoreRelatedNo Criminal Situation Should Be Treated The Same?942 Words   |  4 Pages No criminal situation should be treated the same. Consequences for crimes should be developed based on several factors. It is safe to say what works for one situation might not work for another. There are different concepts when it comes to dealing with juvenile offenders. Those concepts are treatment (rehabilitative) and punishment (punitive). The treatment or rehabilitative concept is defined as follows: The idea of rehabilitation lays on the presumption that criminal conduct is brought aboutRead MoreCriminal Law : An Arrangement Of Legal Guidelines1002 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal law includes an arrangement of legal guidelines intended to keep people safe and stop wrongful behavior. The individuals who disregard the law confront detainment, fines, and other punishments. The American criminal justice system is both involved and opposing in nature. Except for minor petty traffic offenses, accused people will require the help from a lawyer. Specific wrongdoings and the outcomes for disregarding them are found in punitive codes instituted by officials at the localRead MoreVirtue Ethics And Teleology1256 Words   |  6 PagesTeleology comes from the Greek roots telos, it focuses on the consequences which our actions may have. When we make choices that results in the correct consequences, then we are acting morally. When we make choices that result in the incorrect consequences, then we are acting immorally. Deontology comes from the Greek roots deon meaning duty, it focuses on independent moral rules or duties. In order to make the correct moral choices, we must understand what our moral duties are and what correct rulesRead MoreCanada Should Focus More on Rehabilitation and Less on Retribution 3217 Words   |  13 Pagessocietal norms. Those who defy these norms and commit crime are often punished by organized governmental justice systems through the use of penitentiaries, where prisoners carry out their sentences. The main goals of sentencing include deterrence, safety of the public, retribution, rehabilitation, punishment and respect for the law (Government of Canada, 2013). However, the type of justice system in place within a state or country greatly influences the aims and mandates of prisons and in turn targetsRead MoreDifference Between Warranty Contracts And Non Insurance Contracts2141 Words   |  9 Pagesbreach of contract. Different terms carry more severe consequences i n contrast to others, therefore the contract may be repudiated or damages awarded. However, terms in insurance contracts are treated differently and further to this, the law around terms in insurance contracts has undergone recent legislation. This essay will critically analyse and compare the differences between warranty terms in insurance contracts and non-insurance contracts, evidencing with case law, establishing the legal principlesRead MoreThe Ethics of Drug Use and Drug Abuse1579 Words   |  6 Pageslike teenagers may be automatically considered dangerous or irresponsible, it is fairly normative in a health care setting for a patient to be perceived negatively just because that person is a known drug user. Because of the highly charged emotional nature of the substance abuse treatment field, providers should possess the tools to explore ethical dilemmas objectively. By doing so, and by examining their own reactions to the situation, providers can proceed with the most ethi cal course of action. EthicalRead More Hope for Rehabilitation for Institutionalized Youth Offenders4628 Words   |  19 Pagesphrase uttered throughout our society in regard to juvenile delinquency. It has been suggested that a punitive response to the problem of youth violence in America is an effective means of solving the issue of youth crime, and would also deter future offenders. As a result, the existence of rehabilitation strategies within the system available to offenders is under threat. A harsh and punitive response to youth violence was, in part, brought about by a moral panic across America. ExaggerationsRead MoreEssay on Different Methods That Parents Use to Raise Their Children1576 Words   |  7 Pagesauthoritarian – consists of parents who demonstrate high demandingness but low responsiveness, which indicates that they have strict expectations and rules set for their children. According to Masayo Uji, â€Å"they value obedience as a virtue and favor punitive, forceful measures to curb self-will at points where the child’s actions and beliefs conflict with what they think is right conduct† (294). The fourth and final style is authoritative. Parents who adopt authoritative methods are high on demandingnessRead MoreCritique on â€Å"Damages† as a Remedy for Breach of Contract Under Indian, American, English and Chinese Law.8878 Words   |  36 Pagesand Chinese law. Project: Law of Contracts [pic] |Submitted to: |Submitted by: | |Prof (Dr.) Amar Singh | | |Principal Faculty, |Dheerak Kumar Aseri - B.Sc. LL.B (Hons.) | |Law of ContractsRead MoreStop Treating Juveniles Like They Are Adults1935 Words   |  8 Pagesissues. With voting rights, age restrictions on purchasing cigarettes and alcoholic beverages, as well as joining our armed forces, juveniles are not allowed the same rights as adults; therefore we should not treat them like adults when they break the law. History and Status of the Issue Ever since the late 18th and early 19th centuries, within the United States there has been very little difference when it came to deciding or identifying the criminal responsibility of children opposed to that of an

Professional Commitments of Tax Rwsidency

Question: Discuss about the Professional Commitments of Tax Rwsidency. Answer: 1. Issue This case details present information on Fred namely his purpose visit, assets, family and professional commitments so that the tax residency status can be determined for the given year under assessment. Rule The relevant statute that plays a key role in tax residency is subsection 6(1), ITAA, 1936. This along with the tax ruling TR 98/17 provides guidance with regards to the exact mechanism to be adopted with regards to determination of tax residency status. The four tests that are available to check for tax residency as outlined in TR 98/17 are briefly discussed below (Gilders et.. al., 2013). Domicile Test As per this test, there are two major conditions that are to be fulfilled. Firstly, procession of Australian domicile is mandatory. Secondly, the permanent abode of taxpayer must not lie outside Australia. In the event that the given taxpayer fails to satisfy any of the two conditions mentioned, Australian tax residency would not be given based on this test (Woellner, 2015). Resides test The test mainly relies on tax rulings and case law to derive on the application as the available information in various statutes and legislation is rather limited. As per these, the critical aspects that play a crucial role in determining residency are as mentioned below (Coleman, 2011). Underlying significance of the purpose with which taxpayer has arrived in Australia Level of comparability between the life led in Australia and the country of origin Intensity of various ties in Australia If either of the above parameters are satisfied, the taxpayer is considered an Australian tax resident. 183 day test This test requires the taxpayer to comply with two main conditions (Barkoczy, 2014). Minimum presence of 183 days in Australia by the taxpayer in the year under assessment. This stay need not be necessarily continuous in nature. Intention to settle in Australia on the part of the taxpayer in the long term/ Inability on the part of the taxpayer to meet with any of the above would lead to Australian tax residency not conferred. Superannuation Test The tax of foreign based government officers is decided on basis of whether or not contribution is made atleast one of the designated superannuation funds. This test is not used for any other type of taxpayer and hence is highly specific (Sadiq et. al., 2015). Application It is apparent that Fred does not belong from Australia and hence does not have a domicile of Australia rendering the domicile test as not applicable. Similarly, since Fred is not an Australian government employee, hence superannuation test is also not applicable. The two applicable tests are 183 day test and Reside test. 183 day test is not satisfied by Fred despite staying in Australia for more than 183 days since there is a lack of intention from Freds side with regards to settling in Australia. This is apparent from lack of any fixed investment in Australia, leasing house for 12 months and also putting the house in England on rent. However, the resides test is satisfied as the purpose of visit is employment that too not for a few months and hence is significant. Also, Freds life in Australia is similar back home which implies that the test is passed. Conclusion Fred is a Australian tax resident for the given year as he has managed to pass one test listed under TR 98/17. Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris (Surveyor of Taxes) (1904) 5 TC 159 It is essential to determine the concepts behind the source of the received income form the transaction. If the source of the derived income is from realisation of the capital asset, then it would not be assessable as per the ITAA. Also, diversification in the intent of the taxpayer will cause the shift in the type of received income (Gilders et. al., 2013). A copper land was sold to a company which was actively involved in the mining of copper ores. This copper land was purchased on the part of the taxpayer for copper mining. However, the company did not even start the copper mining process on the owned land and eventually sold it to some other mining company. The taxpayer received shares of the respective company as compensation of the copper enriched land (Woellner, 2015). The verdict of the honourable court said that the intention of the company was to invest in the land and then subsequently sell it to the potential mining company. Since, they did not have enough financial resou rces to operate the mine, irrespective of this fact, they had spent all their capital and also the money taken from financial sources would use to purchase the land and would also explain the intent on the part of the taxpayer to profit from sale of mine (Manyam. 2010). Thus, the receipts would not be considered under the source of realisation of the capital asset and it was more likely towards carrying a business of making profit from sale of land, thus, the earned amount from sale of the copper mine land would be assessable income under ITAA, 1936 (Coleman, 2011). Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR 188 It was contention on the part of the company in the court that the purpose behind the land development and sale of the land was just to consume the available land. Thus, it should be considered under the section 24 or section 6, thus leading to realisation of the capital asset. According to the information collected from the memorandum of the company, it was found that the prime aim of the company was to engage in mining of coal from the purchased land for this purpose. The Lambton land was bought with the above mentioned intention and mining had been performed by the company for years. This continuous mining of coal caused the formation of the ripe land, which could not be used for more coal mining. Therefore, the shareholders made a final decision to sell this land after making it suitable for residential purpose. In this process, plots cutting on the land, road construction, park, water supply, sewage unit, hospitals, school, and church and railway station were constructed. These above mentioned land development activities were essential in order to make it significantly suitable for residence, because an unstructured mined land could not be sold directly for residential purpose (Barkoczy, 2014). Hence, after considering the above evidences, it was ruled by the honourable court that the income from the land sale would be termed as capital receipts. Therefore, the sale of the mined land by the company was only mere realisation of the capital asset, rather than profit making business activity (Jade, 2016). FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR This case discussed the intent of the taxpayer to sell his land to the land development companies. It was observed by the court that a beach side land was sold to the companies which were performing land development and trading activities. In the initial stages, the taxpayer had involved in the activity of the drying of the fishing shacks on the land. However, later on he sold the land to these companies at a higher value. Companies professionally started land development on this acquired land. In order to authorize these activities, various correction was also made in the article of association by the companies. Thus, in the process of land development, various plots, roads were constructed in order to achieve premium returns. A sizable return was earned by the companies from the sale of the beach side land plot. It was clearly expressed that the intention on the part of the taxpayers was to conduct a business activity of land trading. It was ruled by the honourable court that the i nvolvement of the taxpayer in the land development activities and after that selling of the beach side land plots was to be treated as per the ordinary concepts of the assessable income and would be subjected to assessable income section 25 of ITAA, 1936 (CCh, 2016a). Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070 The taxpayers received a part of a deceased estate, which was initially bought with the intent of farming. The financial conditions of the taxpayers were not stable and hence, for betterment of the financial conditions of the family, a small cattle business was started by them. This cattle business failed due to unorganised business techniques and lack of market research. Poor financial status and failure of the new cattle business forced the taxpayers to sell the land. They were not in a favour to sell the whole farm land. Hence, subsequent subdivisions were conducted by the taxpayer. A small section was kept for farming business and rest of the land part was sold to the land buyers. No advertisement was performed on behalf of the taxpayer to search for a premium buyer. This activity on the part of the taxpayer hinted towards the intent that they did not want huge profit by selling the land hence, no efforts were performed to search potential buyer. This activity indicated the non-b usiness intent on the part of the taxpayer. The court declared that the intention of Statham Anor was to earn some funds in regards to solve their financial scarcity. There was no willingness on the part of the taxpayers to conduct any land trading commercial business of profit making from sale of land. Therefore, the shifting of the activity from farming to sale of a land part will be considered as realisation of the capital asset as per the above mentioned factors and would not be liable for taxation under the assessable income concepts of ITAA, 1936 (CCh, 2016b). Casimaty v FC of T 97 ATC 5135 Any transaction of sale of the land with high magnitude amount cannot always be considered as assessable income of profit making under the section 26 of ITAA, 1936. The critical issue that arose in this case as observed by the Federal court was whether Casimaty was involved in the business activity of selling of the subsection plots made on the purchased far land. The taxpayer i.e. Casimaty claimed that the sale of the land was enacted to overcome the loan and he was still using the remaining part of the land for farming and there was no intent of selling the land for generating gains. He had taken a loan amount from bank and the mortgages kept on increasing day by day hence, to pay this loan. He sold a sizable part of his farm land. The court agreed with this contention on behalf of the taxpayer and ruled that the selling activity would be just a realisation of the asset and non- assessable receipts were generated from sale of land, hence there would not be any tax applied on the re ceived income of the taxpayer (CCh, 2016c). Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T 88 ATC 4897 In this case, the tribunal decided that the primary activity of the taxpayer was extracting and selling of the sand. The activity changed and the land was used for selling purpose by the taxpayer. The sand land turned ripe due to depletion of sand reserves and subsequent sub division was performed on the part of the taxpayer. Several land development activities were taken by taxpayer to get the premium price of the subdivided land part. The Federal court had cited business activities by the taxpayer to receive high revenues. Hence, the assessable income was to be taxed, while there were several contentions on the part of the taxpayer that it was mere realisation of the sand land asset (Sadiq et. al, 2015). Finally, the tribunal decided that the secondary activity was taken in account on the part of the taxpayer when the land was completely exhausted to continue the primary activity of extraction. Hence, to use the ripe land, the company liquefied the land and it was essential to perf orm land development activity to prepare the land for selling activity. Hence, based on these evidences it was declared a realisation of the land asset and would not be assessable under taxation law (Coleman, 2011). Crow v FC of T 88 ATC 4620 There are some series of activities that were performed on behalf of the taxpayer mentioned below. Purchasing of the farm land from borrowed money Subsequent subdivision of the farm land Continuous selling of the plots to different buyers at undefined time interval Initially the land was utilized for farming and afterwards the above mentioned activities were performed on behalf of the taxpayer. Significant profits were earned from sale of plots. The Federal Court had ruled that the sale did not amount to realisation of the available asset to repay his bank loan. This is primarily because the taxpayer even though was poor, but still undertook huge loan for buying land being fully aware that he would sell them at a later stage and thereby earn high profits. Further, the farming was continued for a very short term after which the taxpayer was indulged in buying of more pieces of land and developing these. This process went on repeatedly in a systematic manner which as per the court signals land development business and hence makes the derivable gains assessable as ordinary income. Had it been that the land development was an afterthought provided farming did not paid rich dividends, then it would have amounted to realisation of capital asset. Howe ver, here the intention to indulge in land development was present from the very beginning (CCh, 2016d). McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487 McCurry Anor were two brothers who had planned to buy a land which already had few old unstructured houses. They dismantled the old houses from the land in regards to construction of the new townhouses. For performing this activity, they issued a loan of $80,000 from bank. The taxpayers also made an advertisement for the sale of the townhouse to find the potential buyers and maximise their revenue. Over a period of time, these newly constructed townhouses were ready for selling, but they did not find any optimistic buyer for the townhouses. Hence they started residing in one of the townhouses. After one year of searching, all the three newly constructed townhouses were liquidated. The received revenue from sale of the townhouses was approximately $150,000. The tax commissioner had ruled that the revenue of $150,000 would be assessable in nature and liable for taxation under the section 25(1) of ITA, 1936. However, it was cited on behalf of the taxpayers that the selling of the townh ouses was to discharge the financial dues (bank loan) and also there was some financial crisis faced by their family. The case was landed into court, where the court ruled that there is no potential in the arguments made by the taxpayers because the land development, construction of new houses was specifically mentioned the intention of the taxpayer to carrying land trading business. They wanted to earn huge revenue from the sale, and for the same work, they spent a sizable amount for advertising about the townhouse in regards to find the potential buyer. Hence, the court decided that the received revenue of $ 150,000 would be assessable for taxation (CCh, 2016e). References Barkoczy,S 2014,Foundation of Taxation Law 2014,6th eds., CCH Publications, North Ryde CCh 2016a, FC of T v Whit fords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio549860sl16841994/federal-commissioner-of-taxation-v-whitfords-beach-pty-ltd-high-court-of-australia-17-march-1982 (Accessed on August 29, 2016) CCh 2016b, Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio544343sl16788832/statham-anor-v-federal-commissioner-of-taxation-federal-court-of-australia-full-court-23-december-1988 (Accessed on August 29, 2016) CCh 2016c, Casimaty v FC of T 97 ATC 5135, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio539843sl16716249/casimaty-v-fc-of-t-federal-court-of-australia-10-december-1997 (Accessed on August 29, 2016) CCb 2016d, Crow v FC of T 88 ATC 4620, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio545564sl16800674/crow-v-federal-commissioner-of-taxation-federal-court-of-australia-17-august-1988 (Accessed on August 29, 2016) CCh 2016e, McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio539084sl16707683/mccurry-anor-v-fc-of-t-federal-court-of-australia-15-may-1998 (Accessed on August 29, 2016) Coleman, C 2011, Australian Tax Analysis, 4th eds., Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia, Sydney Gilders, F, Taylor, J, Walpole, M, Burton, M. Ciro, T 2013, Understanding taxation law 2013, 6th eds., LexisNexis/Butterworths Jade 2016, Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR 188, Available online from https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=64663 (Accessed on August 29, 2016) Manyam, J 2010, Taxation Of Gains From Banking and Insurance Businesses In New Zealand, Revenue Law Journal, Vol. 20, No.1, pp. 1-29 Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan, S, Krever, R, Obst, W, and Ting, A 2015 ,Principles of Taxation Law 2015, 7th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont Woellner, R 2015, Australian taxation law 2015, 8th eds., CCH Australia, North Ryde

Spousal violence Essay Example For Students

Spousal violence Essay Violence against family members is something women do at least as often as men. There are dozens of solid scientific studies that reveal in a startlingly different picture of family violence than what we usually see in the media. For instance, Murray Straus, a sociologist and co-director for the Family Research Laboratory at the University of New Hampshire gave some statistics that blew my mind away. He concluded saying that women were three times more likely than men to use weapons in spousal violence. He also said that women hit their male children more than they hit their female children and women commit 52 percent of spousal killings and are convicted of 41 percent of spousal murders. There are also some misleading statistics about family violence. One, men do not usually report their violent wives to police, because they have too much pride. Two is that children do not usually report their violent mothers to the police. We will write a custom essay on Spousal violence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A reason why we do not see many women get reported is because the media does not encourage men to report the crime. Women are the ones who are encouraged to report the spousal violence by countless media reminders. The media always portray the woman to be the victim and the male to be the perpetrator. Men and children may not report when a woman injures them, but the dead bodies of the men and children who are the victims of violent women are usually reported. There is much confusion about whom to believe in the debate about spousal violence. On one side we have the womens feminist groups whom rely on law enforcement statistics. On the other side we have social scientist who rely on scientifically structured studies, which do not get any media attention. Americas press is more concerned with the political correctness than scientific accuracy. That is why our society is so screwed up now, because of the media. It is important to note that there have been the same kind of studies done in many countries. There is cross-cultural verification that women are more violent than men in family settings. When behavior has cross-cultural verification it means that it is part of human nature rather than a result of cultural conditioning. Females are most often the perpetrators in spousal violence in all cultures that have been studied to date. That leads many professionals to conclude that there is something biological about violent females in family situations. Women see the home as their territory. Like many other species on the planet, we human will ignore size difference when we experience conflict in our own territory. World wide, women are more violent than men in family settings. Women usually initiate spousal abuse. That means they hit first, and women hit more frequently, as well as using weapons three times more often than men. This combination of violent acts means that efforts to find solu tions to the family violence problem need to include appropriate focus on female perpetrators. We need to recognize that women are violent, and we need nationwide educational programs that portray women are perpetrators. Other studies show that men are becoming less violent at the same time that women are becoming more violent. Educating men seems to be working. Educating men seems to be working. Educating women to be less violent should now be the main thrust of public education programs. Just as bad cases make bad laws, so can celebrity cases reinforce old myths. The biggest myth the O.J. Simpson case is likely to reinforce is the myth that domestic violence is a one way street (male-to-female), and its corollary, that male violence against women in an outgrowth of masculinity. I felt violence was an out growth of masculinity. But, men are responsible for most of the violence, which occurs outside the home. However, when 54 percent of women in lesbian relationships acknowledge violence in their current relationship, vs. only 11 percent of heterosexual couples reporting violence, I realize that domestic violence is not an outgrowth of male biology. .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 , .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 .postImageUrl , .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 , .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71:hover , .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71:visited , .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71:active { border:0!important; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71:active , .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71 .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9bf416c72812e065d22ef95bb3b19e71:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Police Brutality Analysis EssayThere are some good men out there that will not hit back no matter what the woman does. This is an article that appeared in the April 20, 1997 edition of the Detroit News: He never hit back and he never filed charges. But more shocking to Gillhepsy are the reactions she encountered telling her story. They told me I was the victim, said Gillhespy, 34, of Marquette. Heres no way any of this was his fault. I knew the difference between being the victim and being the perpetrator. I am ashamed for what I did. Gillhespy believes most people dont believe men can be victims. She knows they are wrong. I think it is just as serious as (violence again st women) you just dont hear about it, Gillhespy says. Maybe more men would come forward if you did. Gillhespy, who wed at 16, says she began beating her husband early in their 16-year marriage. Her former husband, reached by phone, declined to comment but confirmed that abuse took place. At the time, Gillhespy was a crack user, heroin addict and alcoholic. She says she beat her husband in fits of rage, usually when she wanted money or the car. I told him he was no good, and that he was loser. I kicked him and threw things at him, she says. I used him and used him and used him. The turning point came in February 1993, when Gillhespy struck two pregnant women in Grand Rapids while driving drunk. Gillhespy received 45 days in jail and was sent to a drug treatment program in Marquette. She has gotten a divorce, finished high school and stayed sober. In a year, she will receive a degree from Northern Michigan University. And although Gillhespy now understands the issues that led her to violence, she says she accepts full responsibility for her actions. Her strength, she says, comes from admitting that she had a problem and from trying to help others accept that domestic violence goes both ways. Im the other side of the coin, she says simply. If youre abused, youre abused. Strange as it sounds, some people fear that publishing a study about battered men might shift much-needed attention away from the abuse of women, the scope of which researchers agree is underestimated. But at least there have been attempts to document the battered woman problem. For instance, a new Johns Hopkins University survey of 3,400 women published in this weeks JAMA finds that nearly four in 10 women surveyed in emergency rooms say theyve been physically or emotionally abused in their lifetimes. Numbers like that are rare when it comes to abused men. In fact, many people believe that battered husbands are practically nonexistent. Or they believe that theyre such a minute fraction, compar ed to the numbers of battered women, that they dont represent a trend that needs attention. But family violence expert Murray Straus says that abused men do exist, in higher numbers than we care to acknowledge. Ive interviewed guys who have been stabbed by their wives, says Straus. One guy had his teeth knocked out when his girlfriend threw a brass crucifix at his face. But when you ask them if they were being beaten, they say no. Straus, director of the University of New Hampshire Family Research Laboratory, is one of a smattering of scientists in this country studying domestic violence as a human phenomenon, rather than focusing on the female as victim. In 1985, Straus and colleagues Richard Gelles and Suzanne Steinmetz reported a groundbreaking study of 6,000 Americans that contradicted conventional wisdom about domestic abuse. They found that 12 percent of menand 11.6 percent of womenreported having hit, slapped or kicked their partners. Contrary to the common preconception that women hit back only in self-defense, the survey also found that women initiated the violence just as often as men. Nonetheless, Straus points out, the mens injuries generally werent as severe as the womens injuries. Women are overwhelmingly the victim, he says. They are injured more and are afraid for their lives more often. We dont need shelters for battered men, but if we ever want to stop this cycle of abuse in families, it requires nonviolence by all parties. Such talk is feverishly contested by womens advocates, who point to criminal statistics that paint men as the typical perpetrators of domestic abuse. Jacquelyn Campbell, Johns Hopkins University nursing professor and lead author of the violence against females survey in this weeks JAMA, points out one of these statistics: For every man battered by a female partner, eight women are battered by male partners. Why such a massive discrepancy in the stats? Patricia Pearson, author of When She Was Bad: Violent Women and the Myth of Innocence, explains it this way: When battered womens activists talk about abuse, they focus on the most extreme statistics, the 3 to 4 percent of domestic violence in which women are beaten severely. Doing that gives us a skewed view of whats really going on in families, Pearson says. We need to realize women are capable of physical aggression, she says. Its not just a masculine trait. Despite more than 100 epidemiological studies demonstrating the existence of female aggression against men, no major government research arm has ever looked at the pattern. But as Pearson points out, the fastest growing group of violent criminal offenders today is teen girls. Given that, the time to study battered mens syndrome may have finally arrived. Even though the statistics are shown here in this paper, people still will never believe that men get more abused than women. There probably will never be media coverage of such things, because the media has influenced the society so much in regar d to women being the victim and the man being the abuser that people would not take a case seriously if the man was the victim. People would laugh or make fun of the individual and that would make other men scared to come forth. This problem must cease. Bibliography:

Herbal Medicine Essays

Herbal Medicine Essays Herbal Medicine Essay Herbal Medicine Essay â€Å"Herbal medicine: giving patients an unknown dose of an ill-defined drug, of unknown effectiveness and unknown safety. † - David Colquhon Herbal supplements are non-pharmaceutical non-food substances marketed to improve health. Herbalism (herbal medicine, botanical medicine) is the use of plant-derived substances, and sometimes other environmental substances, to treat or cure medical conditions. Herbalism recognizes that pre- industrial cultures had a great deal of practical medical knowledge, most of it botanical, and seeks to make use of this. Definitions are problematic. There are no unified practices, no enforceable standards for strength or purity, and relatively few guidelines for practitioners. Also, there is no clear definition of what an herbal remedy is. A large number of currently available drugs are originally plant-derived, which means herbalism is basically pharmacologys petulant, stubborn great grandmother. Many studies have been done of herbal medications. Unfortunately they often lack good documentation, quality, and suffer from not having analyzed the substance studied. Because of the lack of quality control and regulation, it is difficult to assess what the effect of many herbs is, or even what people may be taking, given the label often fails to match the content. Given these limitations, a summary of studies of some popular supplements is listed below: ?Milk Thistle seems to have proven results in reducing liver inflammation in children undergoing chemotherapy. ?Ginkgo is sold as a memory aid and a treatment for Alzheimers disease. Studies show mixed results, with a possibility of it being better than placebo  ?Saw palmetto: marketed as a treatment for benign prostate disease in men, studies show some effect greater than placebo, at least in the short term. ?St. Johns Wort: used for depression, data show short-term efficacy over placebo for mild to moderate depression. (May cause cataracts, though this has not been proven. ) ?Ginseng: many different types, insufficient data. ?Echinacea: marketed for the common cold, no good, consistent studies have been done. ?Evening primrose oil: for PMS and eczema, studies show no benefit. ?Ginger: shown in most studies to be better than placebo at preventing nausea and/or vomiting, but still outperformed by conventional anti-nausea medications. ?Garlic: insufficient data, claimed to help with colds and heart health. If nothing else, it will repel vampires, and occasionally obnoxious blind dates. Also makes your food taste good. May also increase the risk of bleeding. Garlic has been shown in recent studies to reduce the growth and proliferation of colon tumors, although the evidence is rather weak. ?Kava-Kava (or just Kava): marketed for anxiety, some improvement over placebo. Minor side effects include liver damage and death. ?Valerian root: for insomnia: does nothing. Rarely, it may actually cause insomnia. ?Cranberry juice: for prevention of Urinary Tract Infections: well demonstrated and well documented efficacy; no demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of UTIs. ?Rose Hips: Good for getting an extra dose of Vitamin C, but unproven for anything else. Many herbal remedies have significant medical effects. Labeling may not correctly describe the contents of the medication. The preparations available are not well-regulated or well-studied. As such, they are often wasteful, or even toxic. When there is a measurable effect, it is often more modest than the available conventional medicines. Many companies are doing large scale testing of botanicals to look for biologically active substances. Older remedies, and new ones, as discovered, should be subject to the same scrutiny as any other medication. There is no reason to believe that herbal remedies have any natural advantage over conventional ones. Randomized controlled trials can distinguish good medicines from bad, independent of the source.

Background Of The Industry Economics Essay

Background Of The Industry Economics Essay Since the middle of the twentieth century, many economic goes ups and downs, the pioneer of the world have seen many fundamental and far-reaching changes within society. The obvious view is the amelioration in economic wealth, has considered the improvements in standards of living for the ensemble of people living and working in these countries. These alterations have enhanced the improved productivity and redistribution of the workforce. Leisure and Hospitality industry has become part of integral industries that helps to improve in economic wealth, not only in Malaysia but in most countries. It can regard as a complementary of tourism industry. As it is an income generator by using sources of country to attract foreigners to come over and flourish other industries too. For instances, tourists who fly over Malaysia will have an opportunity to fumble a new investment and attempt to involve it, this might help our economy grow well because of the inflow currency injection. But first, what exactly is leisure and hospitality industry? This sector is made up of two parts, which are the arts, entertainment and recreation sector and accommodation and food service sector. The  arts, entertainment, and recreation  sector include a vast range of constructions that operate facilities or services provided to cater variety of cultural, entertainment, and recreational interests of their patrons, examples like theme park, shopping mall, theme museum. (Leisure and Hospitality Industry)For the most part, it is built luxury-based, evade from the fundamental needs.  While the accommodation and food services  sector comprises constructions providing customers with lodging and preparing meals, snacks, and beverages for consumption, examples like famous food, hotel with different rated and superior services.This service-based industry thrives on the leisure activities of patrons. This kind of business that the hospitality industry garners is momentary, but it accounts a la rge sum of its revenue. Therefore, with the subtle leisure and hospitality industry will push the tourism industry up. (What Is the Hospitality Industry?) Leisure and hospitality industry had indirectly developed in so many aspects too such as land, country, other businesses and it also decrease the unemployment rate too. For the land development, hospitality experts did a good job of flourishing some unused spaces and built a glamorous building on it to accommodate tourist that need place to stay and obtain income from that way. With the phosphorous of hospitality industry, there have few rates of hotels for tourist to choose whether which will appropriate for them. For examples, Genting Highland Malaysia has a few different rate of hotel in the small same site to let the tourists have as much as choices to select their apposite hotels. For the development of other businesses, such as food, stores, theme parks and shopping malls will glowing too due to the intrude of leisure and ho spitality industry. In contra versa, tourists maybe interesting in food or theme park or cultures of a country and tend to come over for that specific intention, this will also enhance the leisure and hospitality industry. For an actual example, Singapore recently has constructed a new theme park, Universal Studio and Casino have attracted a lot of foreigners spend their time in that country to regale themselves. Exceptional service is usually very important for. Customer satisfaction like what they purposely come for, usually leads to consumer loyalty, which helps to ensure the success of a company in the hospitality industry.

Define and analyse the key features of global brands. What strategies Essay

Define and analyse the key features of global brands. What strategies should global brands adopt to be successful internationall - Essay Example The paper comprehensively explores the features of global brands along with the strategies adopted by successful global brands. 2. Features and strategies of successful global brands Various lists of top global brands have been accomplished. Companies such as Coca Cola, Sony, Microsoft, Google and IBM have since long been ranked as the top global firms. Managers are, therefore, confronted with the question of what features distinguish successful global brands from the rest? According to one study, various factors have been identified. Firstly, almost all successful global brands have dominant sales positions in their home market (Quelch, 1999). Even though these companies may be popular internationally, it is the home market sales that form their backbone. Secondly, global brands, by definition, are recognized in almost every part of the world and have at least some sales in these areas (Quelch, 1999). In other words, global brands achieve a â€Å"geographical balance† as far as their sales are concerned. ... Next, global brands must have consistency as far as their brand image and positioning is concerned. In other words, they must be perceived in a similar way by customers and must not have conflicting images in customers’ minds. For instance, Disney connotes identical family values across the globe (Quelch, 1999). Furthermore, most successful global brands have the same brand name as their corporate name. Although exceptions exist, this strategy allows such firms to gain greater awareness and stronger and consistent brand identity across the globe. However, global corporate giants such as Unilever and P&G could practically not use a single brand name owing to the myriad of brands under their umbrella. Next, most global brands are known for making something or being associated with a single product category. For instance, Microsoft is best known for its Windows software, Coca Cola has been associated with the Coke beverage and Phillip Morris has been associated with cigarettes. E ven, companies such as Samsung that have diversified their product offerings may stand holistically for product categories such as electronics. Finally, the country of origin effect plays a crucial role in making brands global (Pharr, 2005). Brands such as Mc Donald’s or Marlboro, for instance, reflect the American lifestyle and customer values of Americans. These values in turn drive greater brand loyalty towards the brand. This is exactly where global brands become recognized by virtue of their association with customers of a particular (home) country. For instance, Japanese electronics, French perfumes and German cars all enjoy country of origin effect (Quelch, 1999). Consistency in brand image of global brands is quintessential to deliver a coherent marketing message across the

China and Inexperienced Industrial Revolution Essay - 1

China and Inexperienced Industrial Revolution - Essay Example Coal was at the time a better form of heat production. It gave constant, reliable amount of heat without giving out a lot of by-products as a waste (McCloskey 2010). The changeover was due to great innovation from individuals and group of people who skilfully devised ways to make work easier and create a better life for everyone (Chai 2011). Most of the innovations were involuntary and automatic, but additionally, there were others that founded through a series of experiments and exploit of science (Duiker and   Spielvogel 2011). This revolution, that is an industry based, commenced in Britain and a few years later it stretched to the United States of America, as well as Western Europe (Chai 2011). It grades one of the most significant turning points in the account of the history of the whole world. Nearly all aspects of the everyday life of the inhabitants of the planet were greatly influenced in one way or another (Nolan 2008). The thing that was mostly experienced was the sharp growth of the human population. The society at this period was exceedingly rural in nature. The revolution changed this to a much modern and urban society for most of the nations at that time (Beele 2002). Many countries experienced this mode of change that spread from the center of origin in Britain. China has had a dynamic economy in terms of its economy in the recent years (Nolan 2008). But why did it delay in achieving better industrialization that other states in Europe and other countries in the regions of the world were developing in the period? This paper is going to assess the reasons why China did not experience ‘industrial revolution’ between c. 1700 and 1949. According to Bayo r (2011), there was a delay in the industrialization in China until later in the century. In order to curb these problems, the country decided to raise its investment significantly together with the signing of a huge number of deals that included overseas companies that offered their services in the construction of some of the chief amenities for compound fertilizer manufacture, steel production and oil mining and processing in the refinery plant.These factors - availability of raw materials in Europe, a lot of richness acquired from the colonies, the widespread trade around the world, the presence of a unwavering form of government that offered support to the effectiveness of real establishments and was optimistic in scientific progress - made the European countries gain an upper advantage in revolutionising earlier in the century. China was not able to compete with these countries owing to the conditions which it was in that period.